[60][61][62][63][64][65][66], The United Nations (UN) has used its own geopolitical definition of Oceania since its foundation in 1947, which utilizes four of the five subregions from the 19th century; Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [337], Between 2001 and 2007 Australia's Pacific Solution policy transferred asylum seekers to several Pacific nations, including the Nauru detention centre. The continent of Oceaniacovers the territorial set of fourteen different countries, which are: Australia, New Zealand, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga , Tuvalu and Vanuatu. [150][151] In terms of marine fauna, Clipperton shares similarities with areas of the Pacific which are much farther removed from the Americas. Volcanic islands which are geologically associated with continental landmasses, such as the Aleutian Islands, Japan's Izu Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and most of the Solomon Islands, were also excluded from his definition. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000 (according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). One surviving ship led by Juan Sebastin Elcano returned west across the Indian Ocean and the other went north in the hope of finding the westerlies and reaching Mexico. Humid continental (warm) 5. They were named by Krusenstern, after English explorer John Marshall, who visited them together with Thomas Gilbert in 1788, en route from Botany Bay to Canton (two ships of the First Fleet). [427] These early peoples lacked a writing system, and made works on perishable materials, so few records of them exist from this time. Chai, Makana Risser. [443] In Papua New Guinea, the most popular sport is Rugby league. Native Hawaiian musician and Hawaiian sovereignty activist Israel Kamakawiwoole, famous for his medley of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World", was named "The Voice of Hawaii" by NPR in 2010 in its 50 great voices series. Olney divided up Oceania into three groups; Australasia (which included Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand), Malesia and Polynesia (which included the combined islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia in his definition). English, French, Bislama (Bichelama) plus more than 100 local languages. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. In WA, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 3.3 per cent of the population but 40 per cent of the state's prison population. [371] Milford Sound in South Island is acclaimed as New Zealand's most famous tourist destination. When compared to the other continents, Oceania is the smallest in land area and the second least populated after Antarctica. The rocks that now form the continent of Zealandia were nestled between Eastern Australia and Western Antarctica.[243]. miles). Wallis and Futuna Islands would have the lowest population growth rate of -1.35%, which is also the lowest in the world. Yearly % Change: For 2019: percentage change in total population over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). Pirmides Populacionais: Oceania - 2041. [380] The Australian Defence Force is by far the largest military force in Oceania. "[96] In his 1857 book A Treatise on Physical Geography, Francis B. Fogg commented that "the Pacific and its dependencies may be said to contain that portion of the globe termed Oceanica or 'the Maritime World', which is divided into Australasia, Malesia and Polynesia." [56][57], The new terms Near Oceania and Remote Oceania were proposed in 1973 by anthropologists Roger Green and Andrew Pawley. [266] Birds breeding on Pitcairn include the fairy tern, common noddy, and red-tailed tropicbird. Oceania's subregions of Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia cover two major plates; the Australian Plate (also known as the Indo-Australian Plate) and the Pacific Plate, in addition to two minor plates; the Nazca Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. 5.2 million), Melbourne (pop. [64][123][321] There are also Creoles formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, Chavacano, various Malay trade and creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin, Norfuk, and Pitkern. Population growth through agriculture ii. It is more usual at the present time, however, to exclude the [Malay] archipelago. The countries and territories in this table are categorised according to the scheme for geographic subregions used by the United Nations. [323], Sydney is the most multicultural city in Oceania, having more than 250 different languages spoken with about 40% of residents speaking a language other than English at home. [64][123] Archaeological evidence suggests that Micronesians may have lived on the Bonin Islands c.2,000 years ago, but they were uninhabited at the time of European discovery in the 16th century. List of cities in Oceania by population City Country Urban area Sydney Australia 4,914,343 Melbourne Australia 4,893,870 Brisbane Australia 2,430,180. (The arts of the region are discussed in several articles; see art and architecture, Oceanic; music and dance, Oceanic; and Oceanic literature.) With a population of about 32 million, Oceania is a predominantly urban region. [414] The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from 1940 onwards and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the United States. These adaptations are common in species from the large and well-known families Proteaceae (Banksia), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus gum trees), and Fabaceae (Acacia wattle). Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onwards. [339], Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies quantify the magnitude of the Austronesian expansion and demonstrate the homogenising effect of this expansion. Thehighest mountainon the continent is located in New Guinea and isMount Jaya at 4,884 meters above sea level. Yearly Change: For 2019: absolute change in total population (increase or decrease in number of people) over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). New Caledonia, Hawaii, and French Polynesia are highly developed too but are not sovereign states. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. In 2005, the World Bank praised New Zealand as the most business-friendly country in the world. [13], The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands just to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. New Zealand uses its lakes for hydroelectric power generation. [89], The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society stated in 1892 that Australia was a large island within Oceania rather than a small continent. They further include in this region Salas y Gmez, a small uninhabited island to the east of Easter Island. Migrating from South-East Asia, they appear to have occupied these islands as far east as the main islands in the Solomon Islands archipelago, including Makira and possibly the smaller islands farther to the east. Fiji's Head of State is the President. Urban Population: Population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used by each country. The South Pacific Commission. It is here that James Cook made first contact with an aboriginal tribe known as the Gweagal. Omissions? [384] The King is represented by the Governor-General, whom he appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister. [289], The highest recorded temperature in Oceania occurred in Oodnadatta, South Australia (2 January 1960), where the temperature reached 50.7C (123.3F). The global sex ratio in the world was approximately 1,016 males to 1,000 females as of 2022. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia.[1]. There are numerous difficulties with conducting archaeological excavations in the islands, due to their size, settlement patterns and storm damage. 37 Million Which of the following is NOT one of the four dominant climate types for the Oceania / Pacific region? The Japanese subsequently invaded New Guinea, Solomon Islands and other Pacific islands. [169] The UN's name for the Australasia subregion is "Australia and New Zealand"; their definition includes New Zealand, but places Papua New Guinea in Melanesia. [48] National Geographic states that the term Oceania "establishes the Pacific Ocean as the defining characteristic of the continent. [339], Large areas of New Guinea are unexplored by scientists and anthropologists due to extensive forestation and mountainous terrain. Subregions in Oceania. However, the most popular usage excludes not only the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japanese archipelago but also islands that are historically closely related to the Asian mainland, such as Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. The Oceania Population (Live) counter shows a continuously updated estimate of the current population of Oceania delivered by Worldometer's RTS algorithm, which processes data collected from the United Nations Population Division. But in the case of the Galpagos, at least, this is different. Spanish and Dutch explorers followed, then British and French. including Australia, 31,377,000. Australia carries both metrics largely, with 7.59 million square kilometers, over 7.22 million ahead of New Zealand's 268,000, and holds 26 million of the 45 million, 17 million more than Papua New Guinea. [277] The tuatara is a notable reptile endemic to New Zealand. [58] They are designed to dispel the outdated categories of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia; Near Oceania cuts right across the old category of Melanesia, which has shown to be not a pertinent category in respect to the geography, archeology, culture, language and human history of the region. 'The Pacific' would not refer to the Pacific Ocean and everything in it e.g., the Philippines. New Caledonia remains an integral part of the French Republic. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. APT Satellite provides satellite communication and satellite . Pain, C.F., Villans, B.J., Roach, I.C., Worrall, L. & Wilford, J.R. (2012): Old, flat and red Australia's distinctive landscape. [276], The birds of New Zealand evolved into an avifauna that included a large number of endemic species. It did not consider Hawaii to be part of Polynesia, due to its geographic isolation, commenting that Oceania also included, "isolated groups and islands, such as the Hawaiian and Galpagos. Census maps is an interactive tool to explore Census 2021 data across England and Wales for different topics down to a neighbourhood level. This is a senior leadership position responsible for an integrated approach to population and public health programs and services in the Province of Manitoba. Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres . Fertility Rate: (Total Fertility Rate, or TFR), it is expressed as children per woman. The following series of short activities allows students to access a wealth of data on the world, regions, and individual countries, and develop their data literacy skills and knowledge of geography. the United States population is equivalent to 4.25% of the total world population. [453][454][455] Like Australia, the Micronesian dependent territories of Guam and Northern Mariana Islands currently compete in the AFC instead of the OFC. ", Field listing GDP (official exchange rate), "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating", "Statement on Monetary Policy (November 2013)", "2014 Quality of Living Worldwide City Rankings Mercer Survey", "Happy birthday Melbourne: 181 and still kicking! [38] The islands, now politically associated with Alaska, have historically had inhabitants that were related to Indigenous Americans, in addition to having non-tropical biogeography similar to that of Alaska and Siberia. Some of the most prominent Oceanic battlegrounds were the Battle of Bita Paka, the Solomon Islands campaign, the Air raids on Darwin, the Kokada Track, and the Borneo campaign. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part . English. Introduction II. [154], Other uninhabited Pacific Ocean landmasses have been explicitly associated with Oceania,[155] including the highly remote Baker Island and Wake Island (now administered by the U.S. [70][71] The CIA World Factbook also categorizes Oceania as one of the major continental divisions of the world, but the name "Australia and Oceania" is used. These countries have considerable influence inAsianmarkets . It was held for the first time in 1905.[466]. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. "[119] In a 1980 report on venereal diseases in the South Pacific, the British Journal of Venereal Diseases categorized the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands as being in an eastern region of the South Pacific, along with areas such as Pitcairn Islands and French Polynesia, but noted that the Galpagos Islands were not a member of the South Pacific Commission, like other islands in the South Pacific. Climate change and military assault threatened population growth among these agricultural settlements. World urban population. [342][343], The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the largest stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific. Around 40 million people live in Australia/Oceania, the smallest continent. Their language was named after them. [409] The Hawaiian religion is polytheistic and animistic, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky. Density (P/Km): (Population Density) Population per square Kilometer (Km). While in other non-English speaking countries Australia and Eurasia are thought of as continents, while Asia, Europe, and Oceania are regarded as "parts of the world". This is an increase of 1.56 % (683,190 people) compared to population of 43,733,573 the year before. 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